Global Dimensions of Women's Liberation in Buddhism

बौद्ध धर्म में स्त्री-मुक्ति के वैश्विक आयाम

Abstract

The present research paper, titled "Global Dimensions of Women's Liberation in Buddhism," presents a historical and analytical study of the spiritual, social, cultural, and global roles of women within the Buddhist tradition. In contrast to the patriarchal society of the Later Vedic period, where the status of women had become increasingly limited and dependent, the emergence of Gautama Buddha in the 6th century BCE brought a message of equality, compassion, and spiritual freedom for women. The Buddha explicitly clarified that the potential for Nirvana and spiritual attainment is not restricted to men alone; rather, women are equally entitled to it. The establishment of the Bhikkhuni Sangha under the leadership of Mahapajapati Gotami was a revolutionary event in Buddhist history. Female practitioners such as Kisagotami, Ambapali, Patacara, and Bhadda Kundalakesa demonstrate that Buddhism evaluated spiritual worth based on practice and conduct. This study demonstrates that Buddhism presents a global model of women's liberation, encompassing principles of equal spiritual rights, social dignity, and cultural participation.